Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression of farm-based factors associated with serological Q fever infection on farm level

Distance to the nearest bulk milk PCR-positive farm (km)

< 8

48

50.0

66.7

12.9

3.0-54.8

≥ 8

48

50.0

20.8

Ref

Cattle density per km² in farm municipality (excl. meat calves)

≥ 100

67

69.8

50.8

14.4

2.7-78.4

< 100

29

30.2

27.6

Ref

Herd size (number of goats according to UBN registry)

≥ 800

47

49.0

59.6

2.8

0.8-9.4

< 800

49

51.0

28.6

Ref

Control nuisance animals (e.g. wild birds) in 2008

Yes, by covering air spaces

15

84.4

73.3

48.8

4.0-591.2

By other ways or not applicable

81

15.6

38.3

Ref

Dogs(s) in goat stable

Yes

60

62.5

51.7

3.8

1.0-14.2

No/unknown

36

37.5

30.6

Ref

Cat(s) in goat stable

Yes

34

35.4

58.8

6.3

1.5-25.8

No/unknown

62

64.6

35.5

Ref

Origin of Straw

Abroad/unknown

59

61.5

49.2

5.0

1.3-19.6

No straw or domestic straw

37

38.5

35.1

Ref

Signs of vermin (mice, rats, birds) in roughage or litter during past 12 months

Unknown

14

14.6

64.3

4.3

0.8-22.3

Known (yes or no)

82

85.4

40.2

Ref