Figure 2From: Changes in Holstein cow milk and serum proteins during intramammary infection with three different strains of Staphylococcus aureusEffects of intramammary infection with Newbould 305, Parent 3231, or Heba 3231 on cytokine and haptoglobin expression. Least square mean of the log-transformed values ± standard error of the area under the curve for A) serum IL-8, B) serum IFN-γ, C) serum TGF-β, and D) milk IFN-γ on days 1-6 pi are shown. Least square mean of the log-transformed values ± standard error are shown for day 14 and day 21 pi. Significantly increased or decreased cytokine levels relative to baseline (day 0) values are denoted by asterisks (P < 0.05* and P < 0.01**). a,b indicate significant differences in cytokine levels between treatment groups (P < 0.05). E) Serum haptoglobin least square mean of log-transformed values ± standard error. Significant changes in serum haptoglobin concentration occurred over time for each challenge group (P < 0.01), but not at any individual time point, and no significant treatment differences were observed.Back to article page