Associations between attributes of live poultry trade and HPAI H5N1 outbreaks: a descriptive and network analysis study in northern Vietnam

Table 2 Univariable results: commune infection status during 2003 to 2006 vs. LPT attributes.

Variable level	OR	SE	P value	95% CI	Overall P value
Market type
Wholesale	Ref.
Retail	15.541	12.03	<0.001	3.407, 70.883
Time trading poultry					0.057
Less than a year	Ref.
1-2 years	0.107	0.098	0.015	0.018, 0.646
2-3 years	0.159	0.141	0.037	0.028, 0.898
>3 years	0.232	0.171	0.047	0.055, 0.983
Direction of poultry trade
Buy and sell	Ref.
Sell only	2.742	1.702	0.104	0.812, 9.258
Type of poultry traded					0.461
Mixed species	Ref.
Chicken	2.373	1.664	0.218	0.600, 9.378
Ducks	1.776	1.475	0.489	0.349, 9.047
Muscovy ducks	0.904	0.858	0.915	0.141, 5.808
Usual number of poultry traded					0.008
<60	Ref.
60-90	0.095	0.08	0.006	0.018, 0.501
90-150	0.071	0.063	0.003	0.013, 0.400
>150	0.099	0.083	0.006	0.019, 0.515
Flock size of contact farms					0.621
< 300	Ref.
300-500	0.598	0.351	0.381	0.189, 1.891
500-1,000	0.488	0.269	0.193	0.165, 1.438
>1,000	0.647	0.356	0.429	0.220, 1.902
Weekly frequency of poultry trade
Every day of week	Ref.
1 - 6 days per week	0.132	0.103	0.009	0.029, 0.607
Usually sells all poultry at market
Yes	Ref.
No	0.705	0.511	0.63	0.170, 2.923

ISSN: 1746-6148