|  |  | Bernese Mountain dogs (N = 53) | Control dogs (N = 30) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | Result of B. burgdorferi serology at the first examination | |||
Parameters | Reference range | Â | positive (N = 22) | negative (N = 31) | positive (N = 11) | negative (N = 19) |
Hematocrit [%] | 42–55 | 1st ex. | 41–63 (51) | 41–60 (50) | 40–57 (51) | 43–54 (48) |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 36–54 (46) | 36–54 (46) | 34–49 (44) | 41–55 (47) |
 |  |  | [P < 0.001]* | [P < 0.001]* | [P = 0.004]* | [P = 0.06] |
Urea [mmol/L] | 3.8–9.4 | 1st ex. | 3.1–8.9 (6.7) | 4.0–13.1 (6.5) | 3.8–7.7 (5.6) | 3.4–8.6 (5.6) |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 3.9–13.7 (6.5) | 3.6–15.1 (6.9) | 2.8–6.4 (4.8) | 1.7–6.7 (4.2) |
 |  |  | [P = 0.73] | [P = 0.34] | [P = 0.21] | [P = 0.001]* |
Creatinine [μmol/L] | 64–125 | 1st ex. | 80–120 (102) | 74–155 (100) | 72–119 (87) | 66–114 (82) |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 64–138 (108) | 65–260 (99) | 59–110 (78) | 52–107 (72) |
 |  |  | [P = 0.85] | [P = 0.96] | [P = 0.003]* | [P < 0.001]* |
Protein [g/L] | 56–71 | 1st ex. | 58–74 (64) | 43–74 (63) | 53–65 (61) | 50–67 (61) |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 53–70 (64) | 55–73 (64) | 59–69 (61) | 58–74 (63) |
 |  |  | [P = 0.77] | [P = 0.002]* | [P = 0.28] | [P = 0.02] |
Albumin [g/L] | 29–37 | 1st ex. | 25–33 (30) | 21–34 (30) | 28–35 (32) | 28–35 (31) |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 22–36 (33) | 28–38 (35) | 30–40 (33) | 30–40 (35) |
 |  |  | [P = 0.001]* | [P < 0.001]* | [P = 0.03] | [P < 0.001]* |
Urine specific gravity |  | 1st ex. | 1.010–1.049 (1.030) | 1.006–1.050 (1.028) | 1.011–1.048 (1.021) | 1.007–1.048 (1.027) |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 1.006–1.050 (1.030) | 1.007–1.050 (1.034) | 1.012–1.046 (1.023) | 1.006–1.042 (1.026) |
 |  |  | [P = 0.21] | [P = 0.27] | [P = 0.81] | [P = 0.41] |
Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) |  | 1st ex. | 0.06–0.28 (0.11) | 0.06–0.42 (0.11) | 0.07–0.48 (0.12) | 0.08–0.21 (0.11) |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 0.05–0.36 (0.14) | 0.06–0.44 (0.10) | 0.06–0.92 (0.09) | 0.06–0.53 (0.11) |
 |  |  | [P = 0.05] | [P = 0.79] | [P = 0.13] | [P = 0.91] |
Urine protein on dip stick | Â | 1st ex. | 15 neg., 3 pos. | 21 neg., 5 pos. | 9 neg., 2 pos. | 11 neg., 6 pos |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 6 neg., 11 pos. | 7 neg., 18 pos. | 4 neg., 7 pos. | 9 neg., 8 pos. |
 |  |  | [P = 0.001]* | [P < 0.001]* | [P = 0.03] | [P = 0.27] |
Micro-albuminuria test | Â | 1st ex. | 11 neg., 8 pos. | 22 neg., 4 pos. | 10 neg. | 14 neg., 3 pos. |
 |  | 2nd ex. | 11 neg., 6 pos. | 20 neg., 5 pos. | 10 neg., 1 pos. | 13 neg., 4 pos. |
 |  |  | [P = 0.69] | [P = 0.25] | [P = 1.00] | [P = 1.00] |