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Table 2 Univariable analysis of factors associated with dog ownership in Tanzania

From: A cross-sectional study of factors associated with dog ownership in Tanzania

Variable

Total (n = 1471)

DOHH (%) (n = 202)

NOHH (%) (n = 1269)

Coefficient

Standard error

p-value*

Odds ratio (OR)

95% confidence interval (CI)

Sex of head of household

      

Female

613

47 (23)

566 (45)

   

1(REF)

 

Male

855

155 (77)

700 (55)

0.98

0.176

< 0.001

2.67

1.89–3.76

Missing

3

0

3

     

Age of head of household (years)

   

< 0.001

  

<25

150

11 (5)

139 (11)

   

1(REF)

 

25–34

352

30 (15)

322 (25)

0.16

0.367

0.65

1.18

0.57–2.42

35–44

353

41 (20)

312 (25)

0.51

0.355

0.15

1.66

0.83–3.33

45–54

266

56 (28)

210 (17)

1.21

0.348

<0.001

3.37

1.71–6.66

55–64

167

27 (13)

140 (11)

0.89

0.377

0.02

2.44

1.16–5.10

65–74

99

21 (10)

78 (6)

1.22

0.398

0.002

3.40

1.56–7.43

75+

77

15 (7)

62 (5)

1.12

0.425

0.009

3.06

1.33–7.04

Missing

7

1

6

     

Occupation of head of household

      

Elementary

794

114 (58)

680 (54)

   

1(REF)

 

Secondary

660

84 (42)

576 (46)

-0.14

0.155

0.37

0.87

0.64–1.18

Missing

17

4

13

     

Level of education of head of household

      

None

184

26 (13)

158 (13)

   

1(REF)

 

Primary

927

101 (51)

826 (65)

-0.30

0.236

0.21

0.74

0.47–1.18

Secondary

232

43 (22)

189 (15)

0.32

0.271

0.23

1.38

0.81–2.35

Tertiary

118

27 (14)

91 (7)

0.59

0.305

0.05

1.80

0.99–3.28

Missing

10

5

5

     

Religion of head of household

      

Christian

598

127 (66)

471 (37)

   

1(REF)

 

Muslim

852

66 (34)

786 (63)

-1.16

0.163

<0.001

0.31

0.23–0.43

Missing

21

9

12

     

Number of household occupants

   

< 0.001

  

1

89

4 (2)

85 (7)

   

1(REF)

 

2

135

10 (5)

125 (10)

0.53

0.608

0.38

1.70

0.52–5.60

3

247

20 (10)

227 (18)

0.63

0.562

0.26

1.87

0.62–5.64

4

315

40 (20)

275 (22)

1.13

0.539

0.04

3.09

1.08–8.89

5

217

28 (14)

189 (15)

1.15

0.550

0.04

3.15

1.07–9.26

6

175

26 (13)

149 (12)

1.31

0.554

0.02

3.71

1.25–10.98

7+

288

74 (37)

214 (17)

1.99

0.526

<0.001

7.35

2.62–20.60

Missing

5

0

5

     

Household asset quintile

   

< 0.001

  

1

277

44 (22)

233 (19)

   

1(REF)

 

2

290

23 (12)

267 (21)

-0.78

0.273

0.004

0.46

0.27–0.78

3

292

35 (18)

257 (21)

-0.33

0.244

0.18

0.72

0.45–1.16

4

296

27 (14)

269 (22)

-0.63

0.260

0.02

0.53

0.32–0.89

5

290

71 (36)

219 (18)

0.54

0.214

0.01

1.72

1.13–2.61

Missing

26

2

24

     

How long in area?

      

≥1 year

1346

187 (97)

1159 (94)

   

1(REF)

 

<1 year

75

6 (3)

69 (6)

-0.62

0.433

0.12

0.54

0.23–1.26

Missing

50

9

41

     

Is the respondent the head of household?

      

No

350

83 (41)

267 (21)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

1121

119 (59)

1002 (79)

-0.96

0.159

<0.001

0.38

0.28–0.52

Presence of a male adult occupant

      

No

234

10 (5)

224 (18)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

1232

192 (95)

1040 (82)

1.42

0.333

<0.001

4.14

2.15–7.94

Missing

5

0

5

     

Presence of a female adult occupant

      

No

98

11 (5)

87 (7)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

1368

191 (95)

1177 (93)

0.25

0.329

0.44

1.28

0.67–2.45

Missing

5

0

5

     

Presence of children (<16 years)

      

No

357

41 (20)

316 (25)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

1109

161 (80)

948 (75)

0.27

0.187

0.14

1.31

0.91–1.89

Missing

5

0

5

     

Presence of a male child occupant

      

No

639

69 (34)

570 (45)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

827

133 (66)

694 (55)

0.46

0.159

0.003

1.58

1.16–2.16

Missing

5

0

5

     

Presence of a female child occupant

      

No

690

88 (44)

602 (48)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

776

114 (56)

662 (52)

0.16

0.153

0.28

1.18

0.87–1.59

Missing

5

0

5

     

Ownership of cattle

      

No

1383

157 (78)

1226 (97)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

86

45 (22)

41 (3)

2.15

0.232

<0.001

8.57

5.44–13.50

Missing

2

0

2

     

Ownership of small stock (sheep/goats)

      

No

1358

159 (79)

1199 (95)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

111

43 (21)

68 (5)

1.56

0.212

<0.001

4.77

3.15–7.23

Missing

2

0

2

     

Ownership of poultry

      

No

1041

95 (47)

946 (75)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

428

107 (53)

321 (25)

1.20

0.155

<0.001

3.32

2.45–4.50

Missing

2

0

2

     

Ownership of pigs

      

No

1455

196 (97)

1259 (99)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

14

6 (3)

8 (1)

1.57

0.545

0.007

4.82

1.65–14.03

Missing

2

0

2

     

Ownership of cat/s

      

No

1349

171 (85)

1178 (93)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

120

31 (15)

89 (7)

0.88

0.224

<0.001

2.40

1.55–3.72

Missing

2

0

2

     

Ownership of other animals

      

No

1432

189 (94)

1243 (98)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

37

13 (6)

24 (2)

1.27

0.353

<0.001

3.56

1.78–7.12

Missing

2

0

2

     

COMPOSITE VARIABLES:

Adult gender composition

   

< 0.001

  

No adult male occupant

225

9 (4)

216 (17)

   

1(REF)

 

Female head; adult male occupant/s

384

38 (19)

346 (27)

0.97

0.381

0.01

2.64

1.25–5.56

Male head

855

155 (77)

700 (55)

1.67

0.352

<0.001

5.31

2.67–10.58

Missing

7

0

7

     

Household socio-demographic type

   

< 0.001

  

1

365

28 (14)

337 (27)

   

1(REF)

 

2

297

30 (15)

267 (21)

0.30

0.275

0.27

1.35

0.79–2.32

3

349

44 (22)

305 (24)

0.55

0.254

0.03

1.74

1.05–2.86

4

213

39 (19)

174 (14)

0.99

0.265

<0.001

2.70

1.61–4.53

5

247

61 (30)

186 (15)

1.37

0.246

<0.001

3.95

2.44–6.39

Composition of child occupants

   

0.014

  

Both sexes

494

86 (43)

408 (32)

   

1(REF)

 

Female only

282

28 (14)

254 (20)

-0.65

0.232

0.005

0.52

0.33–0.82

Male only

333

47 (23)

286 (23)

-0.25

0.197

0.21

0.78

0.53–1.15

No children

357

41 (20)

316 (25)

-0.49

0.204

0.02

0.62

0.41–0.92

Missing

5

0

5

     

Ownership of livestock (cattle/sheep/goats)

      

No

1321

140 (69)

1181 (93)

   

1(REF)

 

Yes

148

62 (31)

86 (7)

1.81

0.189

<0.001

6.08

4.20–8.81

Missing

2

0

2

     
  1. *Bolded p-values are likelihood ratio test p-values and unbolded p-values are Wald test p-values.
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