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Table 2 Mean absorption parameters, J max , lagtime, P app -value and recovery (mean ± standard deviation, SD), following application of 2 mg/ml lidocaine in PBS on microneedle pretreated equine skin; n = 6, * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, the microneedles were used with a needle length of 200 μm and 300 μm

From: The effects of chemical and physical penetration enhancers on the percutaneous permeation of lidocaine through equine skin

 

Treatment

 

Control

200 μm

300 μm

 

Mean ± STD

Mean ± STD

Mean ± STD

J max (μg/cm 2 /h):

11.17 ± 4.63

15.81 ± 3.35

16.08 ± 3.93

lagtime (h):

1.02 ± 0.70

0.79 ± 0.28

0.51 ± 0.34

P app (cm/s):

1.6E-06 ± 6.4E-07

2.2E-06 ± 4.7E-07**

2.2E-06 ± 5.5E-07**

Recovery 6 h (%):

4.3 ± 1.4

7.3 ± 2.0*

7.5 ± 1.7*

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.