Table 1 Management practices in 17 infected farms
Variables (number of farms dairy/beef) | Number of farms (%) | |
|---|---|---|
Dairy | Beef | |
General management practices | ||
Stall system (10/7) | ||
Free stall barn | 8 (80) | 7 (100) |
Tethered stable | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
Summer mountain pastures (10/7) | ||
Heifers | 7 (70) | 0 (0) |
Heifers and cows | 1 (10) | 0 (0) |
Whole herd (calves included) | 1 (10) | 4 (57) |
No purchase1 (10/7) | 1 (10) | 1 (14) |
Calving facilities and management | ||
Type of calving pen (10/7) | ||
Individual calving pen | 5 (50) | 5 (71) |
Group calving pen | 3 (30) | 1 (14) |
No calving pen | 2 (20) | 1 (14) |
Calvings in the barn (8/6) | ||
10-50% | 2 (25) | 2 (33) |
>50% | 0 (0) | 1 (17) |
Cleaning of calving pen (8/6) | ||
Change of bedding after each calving | 1 (13) | 0 (0) |
Possibilities of contamination from cows to calves or heifers | ||
Preweaned calves (10) | ||
Kept in same building as cows | 4 (40) | N/A |
Direct contamination of calf area with cow manure | 5 (50) | N/A |
Direct contamination of feed with cow manure | 1 (10) | N/A |
Direct contamination of water supply with cow manure | 2 (20) | N/A |
Weaned calves (10) | ||
Kept in same building as cows | 3 (30) | N/A |
Direct contamination of calf area with cow manure | 3 (30) | N/A |
Direct contamination of feed with cow manure | 1 (10) | N/A |
Direct contamination of water supply with cow manure | 0 (0) | N/A |
Heifers >1 year (10/7) | ||
Kept in same building as cows | 4 (40) | 5 (71) |
Direct contamination of heifer area with cow manure | 2 (20) | 5 (71) |
Direct contamination of feed with cow manure | 0 (0) | 1 (14) |
Direct contamination of water supply with cow manure | 1 (10) | 1 (14) |