Camel filariasis (Dipetalonema evansi) and its association with clinical balanoposthitis with reference to prominent changes in clinical findings, serum testosterone, semen analysis, and testicular histopathology

Table 7 Skin scraping test results and severity of ticks’ infestation in Cont^gr (n = 30), OnlyBp^gr (n = 210) and BpFl^gr (n = 10) male camels

	Cont^gr	OnlyBp^gr	BpFl^gr	Reference values
Ticks infestation	- (0)^c	++ (87 ± 13)^b	+++ (188 ± 42)^a	(−: No live ticks, +: 1–10 live ticks, ++: 10–100 live ticks, +++: More than 100 live ticks)^38,39

Cont^gr: Control healthy group. OnlyBp^gr: Only balanoposthitis without filariasis group. BpFl^gr: Balanoposthitis-filariasis infected camels group. ^abcMeans within the same row with different superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0.05) in different male camels’ groups. Reference values according to Liebish et al. [38]; Greiner [39]

ISSN: 1746-6148