Camel filariasis (Dipetalonema evansi) and its association with clinical balanoposthitis with reference to prominent changes in clinical findings, serum testosterone, semen analysis, and testicular histopathology

Table 5 Mean values (M ± SD) of serum testosterone and cortisol hormones in Cont^gr (n = 30), OnlyBp^gr (n = 210) and BpFl^gr (n = 10) male camels

	Cont^gr	OnlyBp^gr	BpFl^gr	Reference values
Testosterone (ng/ml)	4.14 ± 0.26^a	2.80 ± 0.49^b	2.78 ± 0.45^b	(2.8–24)⁶⁰ or (10–15)⁶¹
Cortisol (nmol/L)	35.97 ± 4.55^b	49.27 ± 6.28^b	68.79 ± 7.41^a	(38.17 ± 3.99)⁶⁸

Cont^gr: Control healthy group. OnlyBp^gr: Only balanoposthitis without filariasis group. BpFl^gr: Balanoposthitis-filariasis infected camels group. ^abMeans within the same row with different superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0.05) in different male camels’ groups. Reference values according to Tibary and Anouassi [60]; Deen [61]; Saeb et al. [68]

ISSN: 1746-6148