Table 1 Differential Diagnosis Table for Infantile Hemangiomas
From: Infantile hemangioma in a subadult Chinese pangolin: a case report
Entity | Congenital hemangioma [36] | Granulation tissue-type hemangioma [37] | Cavernous hemangioma [38] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Histopathology | -Proliferating capillaries consisting of flattened endothelial cells -Hyperplastic capillaries filled with red blood cells -Spindle cell populations mixed with microtubular structures | -Separated by fibrous tissue -Angiosarcoma consisting mainly of nested or whorled epithelial cells and bundles of spindle-shaped cells -Vascular lumen many not be clearly visible and consists of plump cells | -Small branching dilated capillary-type vessels -Massive vasodilation -Well-differentiated endothelial cells -Many red blood cells -Separated by fibrous tissue | -Hyperplastic capillaries filled with red blood cells -Proliferating capillaries consisting of a single layer of flattened spindle-shaped cells |
Inflammatory cells | Neutrophilic granulocytes | Neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages | Type and number of inflammatory cells depend on the development of the disease | Macrophages |
Immunohistochemistry | Positive: GLUT-1, CD31, CD34, α-SMA, WT-1 | Positive: CD31, Factor VIII Negative: α-SMA, cytokeratin | Positive: Factor VIII, α-SMA, vimentin Negative: Cytokeratin, desmin | Positive: CD31, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 |