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Table 1 Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± S.D.) of ceftiofur in lactating goats after IV and SC administration at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg bodyweight, and after SC-LA administration at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg bodyweight (n = 6)

From: Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK-PD integration of ceftiofur after a single intravenous, subcutaneous and subcutaneous-LA administration in lactating goats

Treatment

Parameters

Intravenous

SC

SC-LA

λ z (1/h)

0.16 ± 0.07

0.14 ± 0.06

0.02 ± 0.01 a, b

t½λz 1 (h)

4.21

5.10

41.12a, b

Vss (L/kg)

0.18 ± 0.05

--

--

Vz (L/kg)

0.31 ± 0.14

--

--

AUC0–24 (μg · h/mL)

45.51 ± 6.80

38.17 ± 6.97

85.13 ± 7.53 a

AUC0-∞ (μg · h/mL)

47.06 ± 6.84

39.88 ± 6.26

117.12 ± 11.54 a

MRT (h)

4.27 ± 0.98

6.29 ± 0.35a

25.11 ± 4.35 a, b

Cl (L/h · kg)

0.04 ± 0.01

--

--

MAT (h)

--

2.02 ± 1.09

20.83 ± 5.13 b

Ka (1/h)

--

0.53 ± 0.49

0.03 ± 0.01 b

Cmax (μg/L)

--

6.25 ± 0.85

7.77 ± 1.26

Tmax (h)

--

0.91 ± 0.20

4.66 ± 2.05 b

F (%)

--

85.16 ± 10.24

84.43 ± 7.40

  1. T½λz: The elimination half-life associated with the terminal slope (λz) of a semilogarithmic concentration-time curve. Vz: The apparent volume of distribution calculated by the area method. Vss: The apparent volume of distribution at steady state. AUC0-∞: The area under the serum concentration-time curve from zero to infinity. AUC0–24: the area under the serum concentration–time curve from zero to 24 h. MRT: Mean residence time. MAT: Mean absorption time. Cl: The total body clearance of drug. Tmax: The time to reach peak concentration following extravascular administration. MAT: Mean absorption time. Ka: Absorption rate constant. Cmax: The peak concentration following extravascular administration. F: The fraction of the administered dose systemically available (bioavailability). aSignificantly different from IV (P < 0.05). bSignificantly different from SC (P < 0.05). 1 Harmonic Mean