Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression of farm-based factors associated with serological Q fever infection on animal level

Distance to the nearest bulk milk PCR-positive farm (km)

< 8 km

1088

50.0

33.2

3.2

1.4-7.3

≥ 8 km

1089

50.0

9.73

Ref

Cattle density per km² in farm municipality (excl meat calves)

< 100

643

29.5

11.2

Ref

≥ 100

1534

70.5

25.8

4.5

2.0-9.9

Combat of nuisance animals (e.g. wild birds) in 2008

Yes, by covering air spaces

349

16.0

38.7

3.7

1.8-7.9

By other ways or not applicable

1828

84.0

18.2

Ref

Signs of vermin (mice, rats, birds) in roughage or litter during past 12 months

Unknown

364

16.7

41.8

3.3

1.4-7.9

Known (yes or no)

1813

83.3

17.4

Ref

Cat(s) in goat stable

Yes

786

36.1

24.2

2.6

1.2-5.6

No/unknown

1391

63.9

19.9

Ref

Use of windbreak curtain and/or windshields

Windbreak curtain

799

36.7

30.5

2.8

1.2-6.7

Only wind shields

937

43.0

18.8

1.7

0.7-4.1

None

441

4.9

10.6

Ref

Artificial insemination

Yes

572

26.3

34.6

2.3

1.2-4.7

No

1585

72.8

17.0