Figure 2From: Peripheral and gastrointestinal immune systems of healthy cattle raised outdoors at pasture or indoors on a concentrate-based rationCon A induced in vitro IFN-γ production from cultured leukocytes. Con A induced in vitro IFN-γ production from cultured leukocytes from indoor (shaded bars) and outdoor (clear bars) cattle during summer and winter. Values are depicted as mean ± SEM. P values for the treatment, season and treatment × season effects were 0.011, 0.023, 0.382, respectively.Back to article page